A Novel Green Chemistry Method for Nonaqueous Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection of First-, Second-, and Third-Generation Tetracyclines, 4-Epitetracycline, and Tylosin in Animal Feeds
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| Autores: | , , , |
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| Formato: | artículo original |
| Fecha de Publicación: | 2012 |
| Descripción: | Although tetracyclines and macrolides are common additives for animal nutrition, methods for their simultaneous determination in animal feeds are nonexistent. By coupling an organic extraction and solid-phase extraction cleanup to a high-performance liquid chromatography separation and a nonaqueous postcolumn derivatization, we succeeded in detecting from 0.2 to 24.0 μg kg–1 of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, tigecycline, and 4-epitetracycline in this complex and heterogeneous matrix. Minocycline and tylosin could also be detected with our procedure, but using UV spectrophotometry (1.5 ≤ LOD ≤ 1.9 mg kg–1). Linear responses with correlation coefficients between 0.996 and 0.999 were obtained for all analytes in the 0.5–10 mg kg–1 concentration range. Average recoveries between 59 and 97% and between 98 and 102% were obtained for the tetracyclines and tylosin, respectively. Replicate standard deviations were typically below 5%. When this method was applied to 20 feeds marketed in Costa Rica, we detected labeling inconsistencies, banned mixtures of tetracyclines, and tetracycline concentrations that contravene international regulation. |
| País: | Kérwá |
| Institución: | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Kérwá |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:https://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr:10669/75165 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf301403f https://hdl.handle.net/10669/75165 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Animal feed Green chemistry HPLC Tetracyclines Tylosin 636.084 Alimentación de animales |