Status of coral reefs and associated ecosystems in Southern Tropical America: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panamá and Venezuela
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| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| 格式: | capítulo de libro |
| Fecha de Publicación: | 2008 |
| 实物特征: | Algae are the most abundant reef organisms in most of the countries; high coral cover does occur at numerous reef locations at the Caribbean (~70%) and Pacific (~95%) coasts. No major changes in live coral cover have been observed recently in the region; some localised decline and recovery trends are evident for each country. Coral reefs in the region experience many natural and human threats, and predictions suggest that nearly 50% of reefs are at very low risk of decline in 5-10 years, even considering global climate change, and around 40% of reefs could be under high risk of decline in the mid-long term (>10 years). Massive coral bleaching occurred in southern tropical America during 2005, but the severity varied across the region. Reef monitoring has increased, but low funding for monitoring programs occurs all countries; socio-economic monitoring is restricted to Brazil. Information on reef fisheries from monitoring programs is scarce, however, the consensus is for depletion of coral reefs resources, particularly in the Caribbean; and seagrass and mangrove communities are mainly threatened by coastal development, sedimentation, pollution, and deforestation. |
| País: | Kérwá |
| 机构: | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Kérwá |
| 语言: | Inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:kerwa.ucr.ac.cr:10669/91386 |
| 在线阅读: | https://icriforum.org/documents/status-of-coral-reefs-of-the-world-2008/ https://hdl.handle.net/10669/91386 |
| Palabra clave: | CORAL REEFS ECOSYSTEMS BRAZIL COLOMBIA COSTA RICA PANAMA VENEZUELA |