Pesticide imports in El Salvador between 2013 and 2021
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| Médium: | artículo original |
| Stav: | Versión publicada |
| Datum vydání: | 2024 |
| Popis: | Introduction. There is limited information on pesticide import volumes, usage, environmental fate, and effects on human health of pesticides in El Salvador. Objective. To identify the import trends and the relative contribution of each active ingredient to the global volume of imported pesticides during the period between 2013 and 2021. Materials and methods. Pesticide import records provided by the Registration Import and Import Control Unit of the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería of El Salvador (MAG) were classified by active ingredient (a.i.), for the period from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2021. For each import event, the net quantity of each a.i. was calculated based on the technical specifications of the commercial product. Each a.i. was categorized according to its properties into one of the following groups: herbicides, fumigants and soil disinfectants, insecticides-nematicides, fungicides-bactericides, molluscicides, and rodenticides. Results. Herbicides were imported in the highest volumes, followed by fumigants and soil disinfectants, insecticides-nematicides, fungicides-bactericides, molluscicides, and rodenticides. The most imported herbicides, in descending order, were 2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, and atrazine; for fumigants and soil disinfectants, methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide, and metam sodium; for fungicides-bactericides, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, and propineb; for insecticides-nematicides, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, terbufos, and malathion; for molluscicides, metaldehyde; and for rodenticides, coumatetralyl and diphacinone. Conclusions. From 2013 to 2021, among the most imported a.i. by volume, there was a notable increase in glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, and mancozeb, while terbufos imports declined. Other a.i. showed minor variations, were imported in smaller volumes, or are no longer imported due to international regulations on the trade and use of chemicals, as well as market demand. |
| Země: | Portal de Revistas UCR |
| Instituce: | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Portal de Revistas UCR |
| Jazyk: | Español Inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/60031 |
| On-line přístup: | https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/60031 |
| Klíčové slovo: | pesticides agriculture regulatory framework environment Agroquímicos agricultura marco regulatorio medio ambiente |