Canine Brucellosis: Treatment and challenges
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| Autors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | artículo original |
| Estat: | Versión publicada |
| Data de publicació: | 2026 |
| Descripció: | Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, is a globally significant infectious disease in dogs with recognized zoonotic potential. Endemic in Asia, Central and South America, and certain regions of the United States, it remains underreported in Europe due to limited surveillance systems. Reported seroprevalence varies widely—from 1% to over 35%— depending on diagnostic tools, study design, and regional disease burden. The disease is particularly prevalent in commercial breeding facilities, shelters, and stray dog populations. B. canis predominantly affects the reproductive system, causing infertility, abortions, and neonatal mortality, but it may lead to systemic infections involving various organs. Despite the availability of treatment protocols, bacteriological sterilization of infected dogs remains difficult due to bacterial persistence, possibly rising antibiotic resistance, and diagnostic limitations. The intracellular localization of B. canis and its resistance profile diminish the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens. Combination therapies, including tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, have demonstrated limited and often transient efficacy, with frequent relapses reported. While euthanasia is sometimes recommended to prevent transmission, dog owners rarely accept it. This aim of this work has been to summarize the current treatment strategies, challenges in antibiotic resistance and diagnosis, and to explore future directions, including vaccine development and novel therapeutic approaches. A lack of standardized global surveillance hampers accurate prevalence estimation and coordinated control strategies. To address these challenges, enhanced research efforts, improved diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies, and robust biosecurity measures are essential. Public education and the enforcement of control programs in high-risk populations are also crucial. A One Health strategy—integrating veterinary and human health perspectives—is critical for the effective management and global prevention of canine brucellosis. |
| Pais: | Portal de Revistas UNA |
| Institution: | Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Portal de Revistas UNA |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.revistas.una.ac.cr:article/22841 |
| Accés en línia: | https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/veterinaria/article/view/22841 |
| Paraula clau: | Brucella canis diagnosis treatment |