The problem of engines in statistical physics

 

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Autores: Alicki, Robert, Gelbwaser Klimovsky, David, Jenkins Villalobos, Alejandro
格式: artículo original
Fecha de Publicación:2021
实物特征:Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically at the expense of an external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but the course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make their dynamics in time a theoretical blind spot. This has hampered the usefulness of statistical mechanics applied to active systems, including living matter. We argue that recent advances in the theory of open quantum systems, coupled with renewed interest in understanding how active forces result from positive feedback between different macroscopic degrees of freedom in the presence of dissipation, point to a more realistic description of autonomous engines. We propose a general conceptualization of an engine that helps clarify the distinction between its heat and work outputs. Based on this, we show how the external loading force and the thermal noise may be incorporated into the relevant equations of motion. This modifies the usual Fokker–Planck and Langevin equations, offering a thermodynamically complete formulation of the irreversible dynamics of simple oscillating and rotating engines.
País:Kérwá
机构:Universidad de Costa Rica
Repositorio:Kérwá
语言:Inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:kerwa.ucr.ac.cr:10669/86340
在线阅读:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1095
https://hdl.handle.net/10669/86340
Palabra clave:Open systems
Thermodynamic cycles
FEEDBACK (LEARNING)
Limit cycles
Master equation
Langevin equation
Quantum thermodynamics
Irreversible processes
Active matter