Brucellosis: Diagnosis and Treatment of a Neglected Disease
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| Autor: | |
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| Format: | artículo original |
| Status: | Versión publicada |
| Datum izdanja: | 2026 |
| Opis: | Background: Clinical diagnosis of human brucellosis is often challenging, especially in countries where the infection is not endemic in livestock or in individuals without occu- pational risk. Clinical manifestations: The classic presentation includes prolonged fever associated with lymphadenopathy, arthritis, hepatitis, and splenomegaly. However, some patients may present with oligosymptomatic infection when caused by strains of reduced virulence. Severe disease may occur when neurological or cardiovascular complications develop, particularly endocarditis and meningoencephalitis. Additional diagnostic difficulties arise in urogenital forms and in focal localizations such as draining or visceral abscesses, dermatitis, and ocular involvement. Transmission: The main routes include occupational contact with infected animals during sanitation, slaughterhouse work, and livestock farming, as well as consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Human-to-human transmis- sion, although rare, has also been documented. Diagnosis: Confirmation relies on bacterial isolation from blood, bone marrow, or other tissues, complemented by agglutination tests and enzyme immunoassays. Treatment and management: Timely therapy with doxycycline combined with streptomycin, gentamicin, rifampicin, or cotrimoxazole can achieve clinical cure in most patients. Complicated cases may require surgical intervention, particularly in endocarditis, visceral abscesses, and spondylodiscitis. Conclusion: Awareness of atypical presentations and complications is crucial to ensure early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. |
| Zemlja: | Portal de Revistas UNA |
| Institucija: | Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Portal de Revistas UNA |
| Jezik: | Inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.revistas.una.ac.cr:article/22338 |
| Online pristup: | https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/veterinaria/article/view/22338 |
| Ključna riječ: | brucellosis |